Abstract
Space supply chains form the adaptive backbone of the rapidly expanding global space economy, which surpassed USD 600 billion in 2024. This paper develops the concept of structurational supply chains (SSC) - multi-tier networks spanning upstream components, midstream integration and launch services, and downstream data applications - in which organisational agency and institutional structures co-evolve recursively to enable resilience and scalability. Drawing upon Aldrin's waves of innovation, Giddens' structuration theory, and the combined strategic agility and agile supply chain literature, using a systems thinking approach we construct a causal loop diagram (CLD) model where growth mechanisms are counterbalanced by coordination loops that dampen the effects of network complexity and disruption risk. The model highlights the wider ecosystem such that space economy stakeholders may navigate the transition of commercialisation across successive waves of space innovation.