Abstract
Innovation policy for digital infrastructure typically assumes that industry sector meaningfully predicts technology value creation. This developmental paper challenges that assumption. Drawing on Phase 1 KVI validation data collected using a mixed methodology from the EU Horizon-funded 6G-PATH project, comprising 187 survey items across 9 use cases in four verticals (Smart Farming, Education, Healthcare, Smart Cities) the study examines whether sector classification explains stakeholder-perceived value creation. According to the findings, vertical classification explains only 9.2% of the variance in perceived value creation. Instead, institutional context emerges as the dominant differentiator. One mission-critical use case, public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) constitutes a structural outlier where 74% of stakeholders reject 6G in favour of incumbent systems. The study conceptualises this as legacy entrenchment, the degree to which institutionalised incumbent systems are embedded in regulatory frameworks, professional identity, and risk governance structures, thereby moderating stakeholder evaluations of disruptive alternatives. The study develops three propositions for Phase 2 testing and invite feedback on the conceptual distinctiveness and boundary conditions of this construct.