Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to integrate fragmented knowledge on the interplay between corporate social responsibility (CSR), circular economy (CE), and sustainability in business contexts. It responds to calls for research that clarifies how these concepts jointly shape responsible strategies and performance, offering a comprehensive synthesis and future research agenda.
Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 protocol on the Web of Science database, complemented by forward and backward snowballing. The final sample comprises 109 peer-reviewed articles (2012–2025). Evidence was analysed through the TCCM framework (Theories, Contexts, Characteristics, Methods) to map conceptual foundations, research settings, and methodological approaches, and to identify thematic clusters and gaps.
Findings – Four clusters emerged: (1) CE–sustainability links driven by eco-innovation and supply chain redesign; (2) CSR–sustainability relationships mediated by green capabilities and governance structures; (3) CSR–CE synergies enabled by credible disclosure and stakeholder pressure but limited by regulatory gaps; and (4) integrated CSR–CE–sustainability approaches supported by digital technologies and reporting frameworks. Governance mechanisms, organizational capabilities, and communication credibility consistently mediate positive outcomes, while risks of greenwashing persist when CSR signaling lacks operational substance.
Originality/value – Unlike prior reviews that address CSR, CE or sustainability separately, this study offers an integrative map of their interactions across theories, contexts, and methods. It proposes a structured research agenda on governance–technology complementarities, capability-building pathways and cross-country contingencies. The review provides actionable insights for scholars and practitioners seeking systemic, evidence-based strategies for sustainable and circular business transformation.