Abstract
The paper explores the role of global unions and local unions in Global Value Chains (GVCs) and explains how their interaction shapes labour dynamics and influences worker rights within the GVCs by reviewing existing literature. It discusses various aspects of the Global Union (GU)- Local Union (LU) interaction in the GVCs, such as conflicting ideologies, diverging interests, power dynamics, and vertical vs. horizontal approach. The paper elucidates various other factors that impact the GU-LU interaction, such as the effect of sectors and the nature of employment, the identity work of and dilemma faced by trade union leaders, organizational and political scenarios, and the governance of GVCs. Further, the paper highlights the role of external actors, such as the ILO, the consumers, the NGOs and CSOs, and the national government, in shaping the GU-LU interaction. The discussion in the paper has been delineated in the form of a framework.