Agricultural cooperatives play a crucial role in rural development and sustainable agriculture. This study examines the mediating role of governance in the application of cooperative principles among agricultural cooperatives. The research draws on evidence from multiple studies across different regions to provide a comprehensive analysis. Governance structures in agricultural cooperatives have undergone significant changes in recent decades, adapting to evolving market environments and member needs. These changes have implications for member control, manager accountability, and overall cooperative performance. The study explores how governance mechanisms mediate the application of cooperative principles, such as democratic member control, member economic participation, and concern for community. The research reveals that cooperatives have developed innovative governance models to balance traditional principles with market demands. For instance, some cooperatives have adopted multi-stakeholder approaches, integrating producers, consumers, and other stakeholders to create more sustainable food systems. This approach challenges the conventional divide between producer and consumer cooperatives, potentially enhancing the application of cooperative principles. The study reveals that effective governance plays a critical role in mediating the application of cooperative principles in agricultural cooperatives. It enables cooperatives to maintain their core values while adapting to changing market conditions and member expectations.