Abstract
Increasing business uncertainty, driven by economic volatility, geopolitical risks, digital disruption, and climate-related shocks, has intensified the need for organisations to adopt resilient financial strategies. In many emerging markets, weak alignment between financial strategy and risk management undermines sustainable performance, as institutional and governance constraints amplify vulnerability. This study investigates how financial strategy shapes organisational performance under uncertain business environments, integrating capital structure, liquidity management, risk governance, and strategic financial policy. A systematic literature review and qualitative content analysis were conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2026 from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and leading finance and management journals. Thematic coding and synthesis were applied to examine the interactions among financial strategy components, risk mitigation mechanisms, and organisational adaptive capability. Findings reveal that integrated financial risk management significantly enhances resilience, enabling firms to anticipate and respond effectively to environmental shocks. Flexible capital structures strengthen adaptive capacity, allowing strategic financing decisions to support continuity and growth during volatile periods. Strategic liquidity management reduces operational and financial vulnerability while facilitating investment in innovation. These components interact synergistically to produce superior performance outcomes, including financial stability, market competitiveness, and long-term sustainability. The study contributes a conceptual framework linking financial strategy, risk governance, and organisational performance, offering an integrated perspective that extends prior literature and contextualises insights for emerging economies. Practically, the framework provides guidance for CFOs, boards, and policymakers seeking to enhance resilience, promote innovation, and achieve inclusive stakeholder outcomes. It underscores the importance of treating financial strategy as a dynamic, integrative capability essential for sustaining performance in uncertain business environments.