Abstract
This study explores the relationship between Islamic religiosity, as embodied by the hijab, and Saudi women’s employment experiences. It examines how different forms of hijab, such as the headscarf and face veil, shape workplace perceptions, career trajectories, and organizational practices within the context of ongoing socio-institutional reforms.
An interpretive qualitative approach was used, drawing on semi-structured interviews with 50 employees (25 men and 25 women) across various industries in Riyadh. A hybrid thematic analysis, incorporating both deductive and inductive coding, was conducted to identify key themes. NVivo software facilitated analytical rigour, supported by respondent validation and team discussions.
The findings reveal that women’s hijab choices reflect a negotiation between familial expectations of modesty and professional aspirations, with the face veil often serving as a means to secure socio-religious approval in gender-mixed workplaces. Variations in hijab practices influence hiring, career advancement, and workplace interactions, where the niqab, despite its socio-religious endorsement, is associated with stereotypes that limit career opportunities. Ambiguous organizational dress codes further contribute to bias and inconsistency. To navigate workplace challenges, women adopt various strategies, including leveraging Islamic feminism, making strategic dress modifications, using humor, and initiating educational efforts. While these approaches highlight resilience and agency, they also expose enduring structural barriers to workplace inclusion.