Abstract
Scholars have explored meaningful work extensively, yet research has often relied on cross-sectional self-report surveys, limiting our understanding of the lived experiences through which meaning is constructed and negotiated. This paper seeks to address these limitations by presenting a framework that examines meaningful work across three modalities: meaning in work, meaning of work, and meaning beyond work. Drawing upon Frankl’s three central sources of meaning- creating and achieving, experience and encounter, and suffering—this study synthesises qualitative research to explore how individuals find meaning through their work.
The first modality, meaning in work, focuses on the lived experience of engagement with tasks, relationships, and challenges in the present moment. This dimension emphasises subjective and emotional aspects of work, illustrating how deep engagement fosters fulfilment, while struggles and suffering may diminish it. The second modality, meaning of work, examines the broader significance attributed to work in relation to identity, values, and social roles. This modality highlights how individuals reflect on the purpose of their work—whether through professional achievements, social contributions, or personal sacrifices. The third modality, meaning beyond work, considers how work intersects with existential concerns, such as life purpose and fulfilment beyond professional identity. It explores whether work enhances or detracts from an individual’s broader sense of self and legacy.
By integrating insights from existing qualitative research, this framework advances the study of meaningful work as a dynamic and evolving experience, shaped through achievement, relationships, and resilience. The paper contributes to the ongoing scholarly debate on meaningful work by demonstrating the value of a multi-dimensional perspective and outlining key directions for future experiential-based research.