Abstract
Addressing the issue of biodiversity loss is of utmost importance for the future of humankind. As food production is the primary driver for biodiversity loss, actions by companies are required. In this article, we study biodiversity actions of Finnish companies operating in the food business. We conducted a multi-case study based on interviews of senior representatives from 37 companies representing the entire food value chain. We discovered that the state of biodiversity actions in companies varies greatly and that the contrast between forerunners and those that are doing very little is sharp. We identified that the actions in primary production have a more direct effect on natural ecosystems than in the other sectors. In food industry, trade, and food services, the actions are more indirect and conducted especially in supply chains, product development and strategies. Going forward, we call for more research on how these actions could be further encouraged.