Abstract
This study explores how AI assimilation (AIA) drives sustainable business performance (SBP) and supply chain resilience (SCR) through green ambidexterity (GAX) and cybersecurity awareness (CSA). Using the Resource-Based View and data from 199 UK supply chain managers, the research reveals that AIA enhances GAX—balancing green innovation and practices—which then improves SBP. CSA further amplifies the positive effect of AIA on GAX. However, SBP negatively impacts SCR, suggesting that resource-efficient, sustainability-focused strategies may reduce supply chain adaptability to disruptions. The findings indicate that AIA alone does not directly boost SBP but requires integration with GAX to foster sustainability. Practically, organizations should align AI adoption with sustainability goals and cybersecurity measures while recognizing potential trade-offs between lean, sustainable operations and resilience. The study highlights the need to balance conflicting strategies, as prioritizing sustainability may inadvertently compromise resilience, necessitating distinct operational approaches.